Deep Vein Thrombosis: Early Signs and Treatments
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a dangerous blood clotting condition that is thought to affect as many as 900,000 Americans every year. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that between 10 and 30 percent of people who develop this condition will die as a result of it within one month of being diagnosed. DVT can lead to what is known as pulmonary embolism (PE), of which the first symptom in 25 percent of all cases is sudden death.
What Is Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Deep vein thrombosis causes a blood clot to develop in a deep vein, usually in the thigh, calf, or pelvis. If the blood clot breaks free and travels through the body to the lungs, it’s known as pulmonary embolism. If the blood clot is large enough to block blood flow to the lungs, it’s fatal. Serious problems can also occur if the clot grows large enough to block blood flow elsewhere in the body. When DVT and pulmonary embolism occur together, it’s called venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Types
Cases of deep vein thrombosis are categorized as acute, chronic, or sub-acute. Acute DVT refers to a soft blood clot that has been present for two weeks or less, leading to pain and swelling in the affected limb. Chronic DVT refers to older blood clots which have been present for a month or more. These clots are typically harder to treat and can lead to long-term damage of the surrounding veins. Sub-acute DVT describes clots that are transitioning from the soft acute stage to hardened, chronic phase.
Early Signs and Symptoms
Unfortunately, about half of people with DVT have no symptoms at all. However, common early symptoms of DVT, located in the affected area of the body, include:
- Cramping or pain
- Swelling and tenderness
- Skin that’s hot to the touch
- Red or darkened skin
Known Causes and Risk Factors
Deep vein thrombosis can occur when something impedes the flow of blood through a vein. The chances of developing DVT increase with age, but are also affected by:
- Family history
- Prolonged periods of inactivity (such as on long-haul flights)
- Injury or surgery
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Birth control pills and hormone therapy
- Pregnancy
Treatment Options
Treatment for DVT usually involves blood thinning medication, with the goal of preventing clots from growing or breaking off. Compression stockings are another common treatment option, as they can prevent blood from pooling and reduce discomfort as a result of existing clots. You doctor may also suggest more movement, such as adding frequent short walks to your day.
Talk To Your Doctor
See a doctor immediately if you’re experiencing any of the symptoms outlined in this article. They will conduct a physical exam and may book you in for a venogram, ultrasound, or MRI, if they suspect your symptoms are caused by DVT. Pursuing medical assistance is critical due to the severity and dangerous nature of this condition.